There's no reason for the Sage of the Six Paths to be kept a secret or for Madara to be concerned if Kabuto tells anyone. Same goes for Madara's brother.
You have to remember, Kishi kept the casket hidden from the reader, not just the characters. The reader already knows the connection between Madara and his brother, and the story of the Sage of the Six Paths. There is nothing to be gained by hiding either of those from the reader.