I don't think its accurate to assume that the ninja villages are that wealthy enough to offer massive bounties.

Everything we've seen about Konoha seems to suggest that they bust their ass just to keep that place running.

Meanwhile, the Naruto world seems to have plenty of yazuka-type organizations and corrupt nobles that probably have the kind of disposable income and shinobi enemies to warrant having a bounty system.

I mean, pretty much the first bounty we ever see in the series is the bridge builder's from Gato's organization.