Its probably the same as it is in Fate/Stay NightOriginally Posted by Uchiha Barles
When Shirou was fighting Rin, he had no magical energy (chakra) left, but he still was able to run and not even a bit exhausted (because he trained his body very well)
Rin, who had lots of magical energy left (because she trained her magic circuit very well), was exhausted because they ran so much.
When Shirou fought Archer in the game... he reproduced his swords more than just 8 times (which is his limit, like kakashi is able to do his chidori only 4 times for example, shirou can only reproduce a certain amount of swords)
Well he kept reproducing and reproducing and his body was tearing apart from the side effects because his Magic Circuit (chakra circuit) was totally overused.
So he forced his body and created magic (chakra) and was able to defeat him, while his body was totally destroyed (a side effect much like in naruto)
so if you have high stamina (yes, endurance is certainly the better word to use, you can still fight, even without chakra/magic)
wasn't it even mentioned in naruto, that it is exactly the same?
You can train the amount of chakra you posses (or at least it grows when you get older, since kakashi said "so 2 chidoris is your limit with your current chakra capacity) and your stamina (endurance). If you overuse your Chakra Limit its said that you will probably die (kakshi said "the third chidori will not happen ok? you will die if you do it!", so its possible even if he is out of chakra) its pretty much the same with Shirou reproducing swords over his limit.
Since Shirou has Saber's scabbard in him, his wounds heal extremely fast, that is why he can reproduce and reproduce more and more swords without dying and endure the pain (also, his willpower to defeat Archer should be considered too)
Isn't it kinda the same with Naruto and the Demon fox? When naruto trained so hard, the demon fox healed the wounds from using too much chakra thats why he didn't feel pain on the next day and was able to train again...