First of all, as a non-native English speaker, I can say this.... English is a BITCH to pronounce. Spanish and Japanese are way easier, as they are mostly pronounced the way they are written....
Meanwhile, English has The Chaos, which makes all students of English choose death rather than reading that aloud.
The thing about Japanese is that it is a syllabic language. All of its "letters" are actually [I]simple[/I[ syllables, composed of a consonant and a vocal:
K+a = Ka (か)
W+o= Wo (を)
S+e= Se (せ)
And the wonderful exeptions of "N" (ん) and "Tsu" (つ), and even those depend on how they are romanized.
Because of that structure, it is very difficult for them to pronounce syllables composed of more than two letters and, even more so syllables with more than two consonants and words ending in a letter other than "N".
So, to take one of your examples,
Cloud
In English, it divides into "Clo - ud", but since a sound like "Cl" is impossible to write in Japanese (same with the final "d"), they guide themselves by sound and write it "Ku-ra-u-do".
Most Japanese agree that the reason they can't speak good English is because of the Katakana, too. Quoting my Okaasan, "If a kid goes to school and the teachers tell him "I like milk" but the kid writes "Ai raiku miruku", he'll never be able to pronouce it and will never get an understanding of it."
So now you know. The day characters are called "Cloud" and not クラウド is the day the the common Japanese will be able to pronounce English.